The 2011 Fukushima accident helped revive low-dose concerns, however, and in 2013 eight prominent researchers in the field, including Brenner and Morgan, wrote to White House science adviser John Holdren asking for a National Academies report on the issue.
To date, in vivo human studies using MDCT to assess bone structure are limited due to radiation dose concerns.
Traditional methods for non-invasively measuring microvascular blood flow such as PET, Xe CT or X-ray angiography offer high spatial resolution and sensitivity, but involve external contrast agents and radiation dose concerns and cannot be used at the bedside, which is a major difficulty for situations where chronic monitoring is required, such as in neurointensive care or in neonatology.
To address radiation dose concern in m-CT system, Monte Carlo simulation using Geant4 Application for Tomography Emission (GATE) tool and noise reduction technique have recently developed.
Accordingly the minimal effective PMA dose concerning p-BQ activation was between 20 and 24 ng/ml PMA.
However, at high doses concern remains that these medications may cause HPA axis suppression, decreased bone mineralization, cataracts, glaucoma, and a reduction in the rate of bone growth in children.
The frequent high percentage of records above the recommended dose concerning tetracyclines in almost all age groups (except sows and fattening pigs) can indicate evidence based adaption of dosages by the veterinarians.
In particular, there has been an increasing trend to use such measures to modify drug dosing, although concerns have been raised about such practice [ 3].
Probenecid, an old uricosuric agent, gained popularity transiently in the past, but has fallen out of favor due to the dosing schedule, concerns about urolithiasis and reduced efficacy in the presence of azotemia [ 29].
Although artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are widely viewed as safe drugs with a wide therapeutic dose range, concerns about neuroauditory safety of artemisinins arose during their development.
