In order to map candidate genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from the candidate genes using genomic DNA from parents and progeny of a well characterised mapping population (S36-1-100 × S10-2-27/28) which segregates for several QTL, some of which are directly related to budbreak and dormancy characters [ 15].
We define seed dormancy here as a seed character that prevents germination, even if suitable germination conditions prevail.
In an evolutionary perspective, we conclude that the general dormancy pattern is a conservative character for these Papaver taxa, that germination temperature preferences have been adjusted when or after new taxa evolved, and that dormancy strength is the most easily changeable character involved in germination.
These genes control traits such as pod dehiscence, seed dormancy, seed size and other seed quality characters, stem height, root mass, and harvest index.
Second, cultivated sunflower differs from wild types for several characters, including a lack of seed dormancy.
Definitive proof is available that the immunogenic character of this cancer is associated with dormancy.
In an evolutionary perspective, it seems that the general dormancy pattern (dormancy reduction when warm) is a conservative character for the Papaver studied here.
The data on seed dormancy provided ambiguous results, and no clear QTLs were identified for this character in this cross.
The general dormancy pattern was a common feature for these taxa and therefore probably an evolutionary conservative character.
Nowadays cultivated sunflower markedly differs from typical wild sunflower on a set of characters: absence of anthocyan pigmentation in stem and head, absence of seed dormancy and seed shattering, self-compatibility, absence of branching, bigger heads and seeds (Burke et al. 2002).
