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Plants with several roots and leaves (about 2 4 cm in height) were used as donor plants.
CSSLs contain marker-defined chromosome segment(s) from agriculturally unadapted donor plants in the background of an adapted cultivar.
It is worth noting that the Pi alleles in the same locus from different donor plants are located either in the same genomic position (orthologues) or in different positions (paralogues).
According to our previous experiments (Tai et al. 2011), we used five independent transgenic lines (K-17, K-19, K-20, K-21 and K-24) containing a single copy of COKC as anther donor plants.
Five lines (K-17, K-19, K-20, K-21 and K-24) yielding no detectable signal for spontaneous excision were used as anther donor plants (data not shown).
alta: 866, O. grandiglumis: 891, O. latifolia: 806) with its two accepted ancestral genomes (C genome, O. officinalis: 549, and E genome, O. australiensis: 823) shows that allopolyploidization was accompanied by a substantial loss of DNA, if the donor plants were similar in genome size to the contemporary plants.
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Other signals may also be transferred from 'donor' plants to neighboring 'receiver' plants through CMNs [48].
The difference between treatment A and D was that the 'receiver' plants in treatment A were connected by CMNs with pathogen-challenged 'donor' plants, while these in treatment D were connected with non-pathogen-challenged 'donor' plants.
Since it took time to get infection on 'donor' plants and then activate defence responses in 'donor' plants, it would be much less than 18 h to transfer defence signals from 'donor' to 'receiver' plants.
In this study mycorrhizal 'donor' plants are more likely to produce the defence signals upon pathogen infection, and these signals are then transferred from 'donor' plants to neighboring 'receiver' plants through CMNs.
The uninfected 'receiver' plants also activated six defence-related genes when CMNs connected 'donor' plants challenged with A. solani.
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