The results show that the rail side wear and surface spalling are dominating damage mechanism for Datong-Qinhuangdao heavy-haul railway.
The analyzed low-density paper has been designed to ensure bond breakage as the dominating damage mechanism and the paper material is approximately in-plane isotropic.
While matrix cracking and interfacial debonding are dominating damage mechanisms in specimens with low fibre content, fibre bridging and pull out are monitored with increasing fibre content.
In agreement with field observations, it is concluded that wear is the dominating damage mechanism on the gauge side of the switch rail while the risk for RCF is higher on the crowns of the switch and stock rails.
We propose that fault roughness generation is dominated by damage processes that leave an imprint on fault geometry in the form of elongated lenses.
Designing FRP specimens yielding one specific damage mechanism that dominates the damage behavior, at least for selected stages of the damage development, allows for validating the pattern recognition-simulation approach for identifying the damage mechanisms.
The monster -- the Republican attack machine which has dominated and damaged American politics for so long -- is dying.
Based on the mechanism of the delamination resistance, four crack propagation models considering whether the delamination follows a pure or mixed mode damage evolution law and whether a constant or varying critical fracture toughness dominates the damage evolution were introduced.
At low energy, where ballistic effects dominate, the damage exhibits a peak around the ion projected range; it accumulates with a double-step process by the formation of a dislocation network.
The 80Au/20Sn solder shows a quasi-static fracture characteristic at high strain rates, and then gradually transforms from a transgranular fracture (dominated by fatigue damage) to intergranular fracture (dominated by creep damage) at low strain rates with increasing temperature.
The experiments point out that the structural behaviour of these joints is dominated by progressive damage.
