The high latitude and altitude, as well as its distance from the ocean, result in a temperate continental monsoon dominated climate.
Climate: according to the dominating climate variables in the ENM, 0 = cool summers, 1 = cool winters, 2 = wet winters.
For heating dominated climates, the savings on annual heating load is insignificant being less than 4%.
The results indicate that such a glazing facade can achieve a lower energy demand than a double glazing facade in cooling dominated climates, such as Tokyo and Singapore.
Selecting optimum windows in heating dominated climates is a complex task because of the inherent trade-off between their U-value and solar heat gain coefficient.
In heating dominated climates, such as Oslo, the aerogel granulate glazing facade does not attain the same performance as the glazing facade currently most popular, triple glazing facades.
On the other hand, in heating dominated climates, the optimum roof solar reflectance is more variable, ranging over all the considered values, because it is affected by the additional boundary conditions.
It was found that, in heating dominated climates, a proper level of adaptive capacity of residential buildings could be achieved simply by improving the energy efficiency of building envelop.
Even in some heating dominated climates, these can be the times of system-wide peak demand, and it is common for electrical systems (such as in Ontario, Canada) to meet marginal demands during these peak periods using generators fired by GHG-intensive fuels (coal and natural gas).
The integration of solar systems in façades allows for the direct connection of solar systems to heated spaces, and automated air solar collectors based on the trombe-mitchell provide a suitable technology for its adoption in multi-rise buildings with decentralized-individual HVAC systems in Central-European and Mediterranean heating dominated climates.
