In schistosome infections which drive dominant type-2 responsiveness, however, only a small proportion of the IL-10 emanates from CD25+Foxp3+ T cells 51, 52, and even though IL-10 is important in the overall control of immune pathology in schistosomiasis, granuloma modulation is IL-10-independent 8.
First, this parasite is known to induce a dominant Th2 response 18– 23, while secondly it provides an excellent example of generalised down-regulation of immune responsiveness 24– 26, attributable in part to the activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg 17.
Together we conclude that the relative IKKγ-WT∶IKKγΔ ratio primarily mediates IRF3-IFN responsiveness in response to RNA virus infection through its dominant negative effect.
As this receptor functions as a dominant-negative receptor, its responsiveness to IL-10 is attenuated in these T cells.
This supports an enhanced responsiveness of the brains of dominant fish to sex steroids, which have stimulatory roles in aggression/dominance [ 57].
Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were assessed in order to test the association between the genotypes and the responsiveness to AChEIs under free, dominant, recessive, and additive genetic models of inheritance.
We have also demonstrated that a fusion of anergic T cells to normal cells fails to restore antigen responsiveness, indicating the presence of dominant-acting repressor molecules within anergic T cells that inhibit signal transduction to the Il2 gene [ 73].
The dominant-negative receptor approach is expected to diminish responsiveness to all three TGF-β isoforms, and to reduce or eliminate downstream signaling through all Smad transduction components.
We would speculate that there are apparently three mechanisms that contribute to high levels of hBD-2 in psoriatic epidermis: a dominant Th1 or Th17 cytokine profile, increased cell-autonomous responsiveness to cytokine stimulation, and high defensin genomic copy number.
Hence, we speculate that even small initial variations in cisplatin responsiveness can induce certain clones to become dominant.
