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The model incorporates quantitative genetic principles into a mixture-model framework in which various genetic effects, including additive, dominant, imprinting, and their interactions, are estimated by implementing the EM algorithm.
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Under both strategies, the model has great power (0.85 or higher) to test the significance of individual genetic effects, additive, dominant, and imprinting, expressed in different generations.
The model detects a small proportion of simulation replicates (
The first simulation mimics the data structure of the real example (with 237 subjects) above based on its estimates of sex-specific allele frequencies and linkage disequilibria among three SNPs (Table 1) and of the additive, dominant, and imprinting effects arising from different haplotypes (for PreInt49tot, Table 3).
The model can also characterize the interactions of additive and dominant effects with imprinting effects, helping to gain a better insight into the complexity of the genetic architecture of cancer.
Different genetic effects of the gene, additive, dominant, and imprinting, are simulated for the second- and third-generations using the designed shown in Tables S2 and S3.
The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion but with a significant role played by imprinting (see below).
First, it provides a comprehensive elucidation of the genetic control mechanisms for a complex trait or disease in terms of traditionally defined additive and dominant effects, newly defined imprinted effects, and their interactions.
The estimation precision of the imprinting effect seems to be intermediate between that of the additive and dominant effects.
That something may be epigenetic imprinting.
imprinting control regions.
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