Since Mr. Hammer helped promote the great-person school, featuring dominant chief executives, the fact that he has now shifted his thinking is revealing.
These four presidents -- except for Truman, all great communicators -- would make most people's lists of the 20th century's dominant chief executives, even though Kennedy's brief presidency was defined more by style than by lasting achievements.
In his review of "The Presidential Difference," by Fred I. Greenstein (Aug. 27), Phil Gailey maintains that the four modern presidents who "would make most people's lists of the 20th century's dominant chief executives" were "except for Truman, all great communicators".
Lyor Cohen, the dominant creative executive at the Warner Music Group for the last eight years, has resigned from the company, Warner announced on Monday.
The "negligent" trustees of Kids Company, held in the sway of an "unaccountable and dominant" chief executive, were ultimately responsible for the collapse of the organisation, according to a damning report by MPs.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the immediate and often emotionally fraught boundaries between these two relatively marginalized groups help to secure the privileges of dominant classes: executive managers, owners, and state officials.
Since the establishment of the first studios, a century ago, there have been few movie executives as dominant, or as domineering, as Harvey Weinstein.
Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation has agreed to make a $1 billion investment in Singapore Telecommunications, which could enable it to sweeten its offer for Hong Kong's dominant telephone company, Cable & Wireless HKT Ltd., executives close to the negotiations said this morning.
Back then, there was a dominant triumvirate: Mr. Gotbaum, executive director of District Council 37, which then, as now, represented 120,000 workers; Mr. Shanker, president of the United Federation of Teachers; and Barry Feinstein, president of Teamsters Local 237, representing more than 20,000 city workers.
"Reining in costs remains the dominant theme," said Diane Rowland, executive vice president of the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonpartisan group that conducts the survey annually with Health Management Associates, a research and consulting firm.
