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This approach provides cross-validation of the estimates of additive and additive x additive effects, much smaller confidence intervals on dominance, additive x additive and dominance x dominance estimates, qualitatively different measures of genetic architecture, and the potential when used together to balance the weaknesses of LCA or RIL QTL analyses when used alone.
Moreover, we used dominance estimates averaged across the entire Netherlands (Speek et al. 2011), which differs from the local dominance estimates as used in other studies (e.g. Klironomos 2002).
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The infomation needed for speech presence probability calculation is gained from a bin-wise noise dominance estimate, which can be computed in the spectrum domain by [18] (31).
However, average degrees of dominance estimated from F2 populations randomly mated for several generations to permit genetic recombination and approach linkage equilibrium were always smaller than the estimates from nonrandom mated F2 populations and usually in the partial to complete dominance range (Hallauer and Miranda 1981).
Dominance parameter estimates vary among loci from essentially no dominance to complete dominance, and mauritiana alleles tend to be dominant over simulans alleles.
This is important in providing equanimity in the power of tests for both intra- and interlocus additive vs. dominance effects; estimates of A and D both require two generation means while AA and DD both require three generation means.
Figure 5 shows how the additive and dominance parameter estimates at the hit SNPs vary with LD, for simulations where the causal SNP is dominant.
Consequently, with the reduced heritabilities reported for the models with dominance, the estimates of genetic response per generation reported by Neira et al [ 12] in both populations appear to be overestimated.
The additive effect was estimated as the difference between the mean of the two homozygotes divided by two, and dominance was estimated as the deviation of the heterozygote from the mean of the two homozygotes [ 22].
Genetic dominance model estimated heritability in broad sense as H2 = σa2+σd2/σa2+σe2+σd2.
Additivity and dominance were estimated using the effectscan function.
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