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In Southeast Asia, farming began with the domestication of rice, around 6500 B.C.; in Mesoamerica, maize and squash were domesticated between 8000 and 5000 B.C.
The chicken was first domesticated between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago from the red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, native to south-east Asia.
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Researchers generally agree that humans living in what is now southern China domesticated japonica between 8200 and 13,500 years ago.
There is clear archaeobotanical evidence that rice was domesticated by between 5000 and 4000 b.c. in the Yangtze River basin [17, 18, 85].
Dogs likely evolved a more cautious nature after they shifted from hunting to scavenging when humans domesticated them between 18,000 and 32,000 years ago, the researchers say.
We propose that shortly before it is domesticated, encounters between rice and B. glumae are limited.
At the same moment, indica rice would be in the process of being domesticated; genetic exchanges between the two varieties along the long contact front between the Tibeto-Burman and Indic languages would have led to introgression of domestication genes from the more domesticated japonicas into the less domesticated indicas.
Interestingly, this extreme disparity in impact between the domesticated crop and its wild progenitor is derived from differences in some relatively simple features.
Future work should also extend the approach to address crops with more complex trajectories, involving multiple origins and hybridization between populations domesticated in different areas, which would require further methodological development.
The oldest documented domesticated O. glaberrima dates between 300 bc and 200 bc and comes from Jenne-Jeno, Mali on the Inland Niger Delta (McIntosh, 1995).
The comparison between the domesticated vs. wild accessions detected only 59 DETs, of which 52 had higher expression in the domesticated and 7 had higher expression in the wild wheat.
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