Farming based on crops and livestock domesticated in the Near East spread across Europe between 7500 and 4000 BC during the period archaeologists call the 'Neolithic'Neolithic
Genetic studies point towards the Neolithic Near East as the centre of origin for Bos taurus, with some lines of evidence suggesting possible, albeit rare, genetic contributions from locally domesticated wild aurochsen across Eurasia.
Wilkins et al. [ 54] argue that a developmental deficit in neural crest genes can generate each of these differences, thus, explaining the commonality of these traits across domesticated mammals.
For example, it has been suggested that domestic sheep and cats may have undergone less severe genetic bottlenecks than other domesticated animals (Driscoll et al. 2007; Kijas et al. 2009), but as both of these lineages have higher dN/ dS estimates (table 1), this does not seem to provide an explanation for the lack of a general pattern of higher dN/ dS across domesticated lineages.
O. glaberrima was domesticated in a single region along the Niger River, as opposed to noncentric domestication events across Africa, which has experienced geographically and culturally distinct domestication processes (Wang et al. 2014).
In principle, the mungbean could have been domesticated in Thailand since the wild progenitor is found all across Thailand.
Sweet potato was domesticated in the Andean highlands, and researchers recently determined that the crop spread west across Polynesia before Europeans arrived.
Reindeer have been domesticated in Europe.
Dogs were domesticated at least four times.
(Sugar cane was first domesticated in New Guinea).
Cattle populations across northern Africa, in contrast, contained genetic influence from taurine cattle, which were domesticated at least 8000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent of Turkey and other countries.
