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By gene disruption experiments of a dehydratase domain of module 12 and an FkbH-like protein, this gene cluster was confirmed to be involved in the biosynthesis of bafilomycin.
In order to confirm whether the cloned gene cluster is really involved in the biosynthesis of bafilomycin, the gene for a dehydratase domain of module 12 (DH12) of PKS and an FkbH-like gene in S. griseus chromosome was disrupted by PCR-targeted gene disruption method (Gust et al. 2003).
The KR domain of module 3 lacks the active-site tyrosine residue (54) and the NADPH-binding motifs (55); the KR domain present in the loading module is shorter and lacks both of sequence features mentioned above.
To mimic the upstream substrate of EpoD module 6, an advanced N-acetyl cysteamine (SNAC) thioester precursor was synthesized to be recognized by the KS domain of module 6.
Interestingly, the A domain of module 3 of ChNRPS1 and some of the modules present in PTRG_10437 are related to A domains in the NRPS necessary for the production of AM-toxin from A. alternata (Bushley and Turgeon 2010).
For example, when an interspecies nucleotide comparison is performed across the region from the AT-II domain to the KR-A domain of module 5 of mlsA and modules 1 and 2 of mlsB, there is 100% nucleotide identity over 2682 nts.
Similar(51)
Two AT domains of module 3 (and) and module 7 (AT7) was highly homologous with other AT domains specific for malonyl-CoA to incorporate acetyl group.
In contrast, AT domains of module 3 and module 7 has the high homology with other AT domains specific for malonyl-CoA to incorporate acetyl group.
From chemical structure of bafilomycin, it can be deduced that AT domains of module 6 and module 12 might be specific for methoxymalonyl-CoA to incorporate methoxyacetyl group.
Contrastly, AT domains of module 6 (and) and module 12 (AT12) shows high similarity with AT domains specific for methylmalonyl-CoA, but they were assumed to be specific for methoxymalonyl-CoA to incorporate methoxyacetyl group, based on the chemical structure of bafilomycin.
16 However, consistent with the proposed model of biosynthesis (Scheme 2) the DH and KR domains of module 5 (andB2–DH1 AbyB2 KR1–Krespectivelyvely) are likely to be inactive.
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