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In a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs, it was hypothesized that the dog subject effect would account for the majority of variance in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) at a trotting gait, and that narrow velocity ranges would be associated with less variance.
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For the dog subjects a second observer coded ten trials of eight randomly selected subjects (20% of total trials).
For the dog subjects a warm up phase was conducted to familiarize them with the general course of events.
During the dog subjects' choice E1 looked up at the ceiling to avoid gaze contact and prevent accidental cuing whereas for the apes the experimenter simply closed his eyes when presenting the two alternatives.
It has become a whipped-dog subject, virtually devoid of manifestos, heavy on irony and bottom-line issues.
The following sections consider estimation of r and p. All dogs subject to sterilisation and/or vaccination are ear-notched using a clamp and cauterizer whilst under anaesthetic (see Figure 1).
Seligman noticed a long-term behavioral impact on dogs subjected to electric shocks.
In a classic study undertaken by psychologist Martin Seligman, dogs subjected to unavoidable shocks for no reason at all developed a condition called "learned helplessness", and lost the ability to avoid future shocks even when avoidance was possible.
In mongrel dogs subjected to endotoxemia, Zhang et al. demonstrated the myocardial protective effects of NAC pretreatment (150 mg/kg) with enhanced oxygen delivery but lower systemic and pulmonary pressures [37].
Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are the principal causative agents of canine filariosis and, although the number of dogs subjected to specific prevention is increasing, the prevalence of these parasites remains high in many areas of the world.
To compare the effects of morphine, parecoxib, tramadol and a combination of parecoxib, tramadol and pindolol on nociceptive thresholds in awake animals and their effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs subjected to 30 minutes of anesthesia.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com