Exact(5)
The technique does not require specifying the deformation function associated with facial feature parameters, and does not require a detail anatomical model of the head.
This definition does not require specifying the statistical models of the risks, and is similar, although not exactly identical, to the definition of biological interaction.
It is important to emphasize that our model does not require specifying the cause of the disruption of the morphostat gradient.
Note that this distance-based approach does not require specifying a nucleotide substitution model or correcting for multiple substitutions; the branch lengths are approximately proportional to the product of the time since divergence and the branch-specific rate of molecular evolution (see [ 49] for a discussion).
Such an approach does not require specifying PTM types and is able to identify spectra from peptides with unanticipated PTMs, though it still has some defects to overcome (e.g. low search speed).
Similar(54)
Seasonal calving farms were able to designate one or more seasons as a calving season on the questionnaire but the questionnaire did not require specifying a main or primary calving season.
Ancestral states were declared using the ANCSTATE command and trees were rooted using the Lundberg method which does not require to specify the outgroup taxa but places the root at the most parsimonious location [ 53].
LOESS [ 35] (Local Regression) fits simple models to subsets of the data; thus it does not require to specify a global function of any form to fit a model to the data, only to fit segments of the data, where segments are defined by measured intensity.
This method does not require losses to be specified a priori.
A major advantage of DEA is that it does not require any a-priori specified functional form of the production technology, since it is generated from empirical data on observed performance measures (both inputs and outputs).
One advantage of the Bayesian graphical ANOVA approach is that, by emphasizing estimation over testing, it sidesteps this 'great mixed-model muddle' – indeed, it does not require the analyst to specify error terms at all.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com