Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(11)
This trophic mechanism has a low energy requirement that does not require oxygen (ischemia), or in some circumstances the oxygen is not correctly used, with subsequent development of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) (reperfusion) (Table 1) [ 7, 8].
This pathway does not require oxygen.
But such a short run is mainly powered by anaerobic metabolism, which does not require oxygen but does leave a byproduct, lactate, in the bloodstream.
The more recently developed thermostable dye, 3,4-cyclohexenoesculetin β-d-galactopyranoside (S-gal), does not require oxygen for development of a black product (Heuermann and Cosgrove 2001).
Distinct from glycine betaine synthesis, β-alanine betaine synthesis does not require oxygen, and therefore, it was proposed to be suitable for osmoprotection under saline and hypoxic conditions (Hanson et al. [1994]; Rathinasabapathi et al. [2000]).
In Bacteria, hopanoids are synthesized from the cyclization of squalene by a squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) in a process that does not require oxygen.
Similar(49)
Gene activity in the non-trekking crabs helps muscle fibers engage in anaerobic metabolism, which doesn't require oxygen and is suited to short-duration exercise.
It was clear already in the 1940s that this cannot be the only process that makes ATP, as it is anaerobic (doesn't require oxygen) and not very efficient.
Muscles that work in bursts of activity contain fibres that have fewer mitochondria and fewer molecules of cytochromes or myoglobin, are white, and depend more heavily on reactions that do not require oxygen to make ATP.
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that they use as their immediate energy source may be produced either by oxidative reactions, in which food is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, or by processes that do not require oxygen (anaerobic processes).
Fast fibers, which use sugars for fuel and do not require oxygen, kick in for tasks that require maximum force and quick action, such as sprinting.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com