The prevalence of large-scale high-stakes testing, and its impact on stakeholders, has been well documented in education.
The assessment and education plan, intervention, and outcomes will be documented in the education/health record.
This assessment and education plan and the intervention and outcomes will be documented in the education record.
Table 2 shows the total number of publication in medical education, Herish-index, total number of citations and citations per documents in medical education in ISI web of science of GCC countries during the period 1996 2013.
Scientific practices, part of the process of science, are the cognitive and discursive activities that are targeted in science education to develop epistemic understanding and appreciation of the nature of science (Duschl et al. 2008) and have been the emphasis of recent reform documents in science education across the world (Achieve 2013; Eurydice 2012).
During the last decades, research and reform documents in science education across the world have been calling for an emphasis not only on the content but also on the processes of science (Bybee 2014; Eurydice 2012; Duschl and Bybee 2014; Osborne 2014; Schwartz et al. 2012), in order to make science accessible to the students and enable them to understand the epistemic foundation of science.
Henderson et al. (2011) found the most common change strategies documented in STEM education reform efforts fall in to one of the following categories: dissemination of curriculum and pedagogy, encouragement of teachers' use of their own expertise to improve instruction, and the enactment of new policy.
Such a change has been documented in surgical education where a paradigm shift has been described[ 19].
Additional problems documented in the education sector, but not in health, included slow disbursement of funds, poor monitoring leading to misallocation of resources and embezzlement, and political interference.
Data for research documents in medical education published in ISI journals during the period 1996 2013 were obtained from ISI web of science [ 8].
While we were able to identify a number of variables that impacted paper quiz scores, one of the strongest conclusions was that exposure to this module increased paper-reading comprehension and analysis in subsequent lab courses (as measured by higher scores on questions of various Bloom's levels), demonstrating a longitudinal benefit rarely documented in STEM education studies.
