Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1677) is his main work dedicated to political philosophy, but the metaphysical doctrines of the Ethics lay the groundwork for his influence on the age.
It became a specific task of his nineteenth-century followers to develop the doctrine of a double ethics: one public and one private, to push Machiavellian realism to even further extremes, and to apply it to international relations.
This doctrine, which suggests the primacy of ethics over speculation in philosophy, foreshadows the Stoic view that ethical norms are to be derived from observation of the natural world.
In the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant divides moral philosophy into two domains, that of justice or law on the one hand (the Doctrine of Right), and that of ethics or virtue on the other (the Doctrine of Virtue).
Generally, Christian manuals of doctrine and ethics have given more attention to faith and charity than to a detailed discussion of hope as such.
Ed, Collingswood, N.J.: Great piece on the recent research that belies the Weberian doctrine of the Protestant work ethic and much of Michael Novak's writing on culture capitalism.
Then, by reflecting on this evolving body of legal doctrine, ethics seeks to construct a theory of the human being as a moral agent (Schwarzschild 1975).
To read the ethical doctrine of the Israel Defense Forces: http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/about/doctrine/ethics.htmFor Israel's ethical doctrine on fighting terrorism, see: Asa Kasher, "The Military Ethics of Fighting Terror: An Israeli Perspective" (with A. Yadlin); "Journal of Military Ethics" 4 1 (2005), 3-32, and Responses, in the same edition, pp 71-76.
It's a kind of feel-good doctrine that smooths out the knotty complexities of ethics and life in this extremely complicated world of ours.
This doctrine, known as emotivism, illustrates the positivists' divorce of ethics from science and once again reflects an old empiricist theme.
