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The approach in this paper is an attempt to deal with a raw, nonfiltered radar image in order to do detection of problematic objects.
For comparing the effects of temperature and external lighting on pH and DO detection, a relative residual error was calculated as follows: gamma frac{{sumnolimits_{i}^{n} {abs(x(i) - x'(i))} }}{{sumnolimits_{i}^{n} {x(i)} }} times 100% where x were values detected by optical pH and DO sensors, while x′ were values detected by off-line pH meter and polarographic DO probe.
Fig. 3 Effects of environmental temperature (a) and external lighting (b) on the optical pH and DO detection.
In this study, optical pH and DO detection systems were optimized and were equipped subsequently on the self-developed 8-parallel micro-bioreactor for testing different microbial cultures.
The relative standard deviations of pH and DO measurements decreased from 1.54 and 6.01% to 0.189 and 0.691%, respectively, which demonstrated the improvements in the accuracy and stability of pH and DO detection.
Although many investigations have reported on the novel biosensors for pH and DO detection in terms of principle, material, and chromophore structure (Bambot et al. 1994; Shen et al. 2011), but their practical applications in the process of cell culture were seldom taken into consideration.
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Some of them either produce high false alarm rates or do partial detection of jamming attacks.
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