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To investigate the relation between expressions of NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, and NKG2D receptors on decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and human spontaneous abortion (SA).
RS, DNK, and JCM participated in experimental design and assisted in editing the manuscript.
If, on the other hand, the bias arises in response to trophoblast- or pregnancy-specific factors, it would only be present in dNK, and not eNK cells.
Similar to dNK and in agreement with previous reports (Table 1), CD56bright eNK are uniformly positive for NKG2D and NKp46, uniformly negative for NKp44, mostly positive for NKG2A and a substantial proportion express KIR [ 35– 35].
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DNK, RS, and JCM conceived and implemented the study and reviewed the manuscript.
For instance, the advantage of a monomorphic HLA-G∶HLA-G-receptor binding site compared to the HLA∶KIR binding families; the advantage of signaling pathways through LIR molecules sufficiently different from those of KIRs to specifically inhibit some dNK functions and not interfere with others;.
JW is supported by Norwegian Cancer Society (DNK 2192630-2012-33376) and NOTUR project (nn4605k).
The culture of dNK cells and protein concentrations in vitro may not fully represent the in vivo situation.
LILRB1 is expressed by approximately 20% of dNK cells and is capable of binding to all MHC class I molecules, but has particularly high affinity for HLA-G [ 12].
Previous reports on this subject describe interactions between decidual immune cells (dAPCs) and Cytomegalovirus [35] or between Listeria monocytogenes and dNK cells [36] or dAPCs [37].
However, some subtle differences in the uNK-cell KIR repertoire are present even before pregnancy: NK cells expressing only KIR2DL1/S1, and not also expressing KIR2DL2/L3/S2, are very scarce in the uterus compared with the periphery, and this is true of both eNK and dNK.
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