In view of recent technological developments for large-scale measurements of DNA expression level, these two problems can often be formulated and many methods have been proposed.
Potential biomarkers can be specific cells, proteins (enzymes, hormones, etc)., metabolites, DNA or an epigenetic modification of DNA, and expression levels of (novel) RNA transcripts, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) [ 13].
However, much less is known about the effects of intergenic compositional context (spatial arrangement and orientation of entire genes on DNA) on expression levels in synthetic gene networks.
By responding to cellular stress such as DNA damage, expression levels of p53 increase, and the upregulated p53 transactivates various targets involved in antitumor activities such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and the pro-apoptotic protein Puma [3], [4].
We next analysed whether dysregulation of BRCA1 methylation in AML could be correlated to DNA methyltransferases expression levels.
When compared to the genomic DNA reference, expression levels of most genes in group 1 were high relative to the normalized mid-level of the reference, while most of those in group 2 were low (Fig. 1A, Additional file 3).
When studying the role of DNA-PK in ERα activity, increased DNA-PKcs expression levels were observed in cells treated with E2.
Significantly lower anti-SEAP IgG titers are elicited by network-formulated DNA relative to unformulated DNA, even though expression levels are comparable.
Despite a slight increase from 30.4±0.9% EGFP+ cells with 2 µg DNA to 52.0±0.5% with 12 µg DNA, recombinant protein expression levels remained unchanged if increasing amounts of plasmid DNA were used with a single HV pulse for electroporation.
