In the results based on DNA data only Zygaenoidea are monophyletic (except for Epipyropidae and Cyclotornidae), but Sesiidae and Cossidae are intermixed (Additional file 8).
In the present study, the results of the analysis based on combined data and those based on DNA data only, the clade formed by Hyblaea and Prodidactis tended to group basal to Pyraloidea (268: 18; 422: 8; 473: 22 %; Figs. 2, 3, 4 and Additional files 7, 9, 12 and 13).
In the analyses of DNA data-only and of combined DNA and morphological data (268: 89; 422: 64; 473: 59 %), Metapherna salsa (Meyrick, 1920) is placed between Tineoidea and the rest of Ditrysia (Figs. 2, 3, 4, Additional files 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13).
In Mutanen et al. [ 9] and the ML analysis based on DNA-data only of the present study (Additional file 8), the sister-group relationship between the two superfamilies was not recovered suggesting that it is the addition of morphological data that brings about this relationship in the present result.
In recent phylogenetic studies based on DNA data alone, a monophyletic Tineoidea has only been obtained in the studies by Regier et al. [ 10] and [ 55] in analyses of unaltered nucleotides from all three nucleotide positions (nt123).
In both 10-fold cross validation and independent testing, the second model that uses both DNA and protein sequences achieved better performance than the first model that uses DNA sequence data only.
Although we have ancient DNA data for only a few extant species, as researchers have tended to focus on the extinct ones, DNA sequences from modern populations suggest that many living species may have much lower genetic diversity than they had during the Pleistocene.
For 52 taxa there are only morphological data, for 153 taxa only DNA data, and for 268 terminal taxa there are both morphological and molecular data.
Given only DNA data, can the claim be substantiated or disproved?
Scrapings from the oral mucosa were also collected at each visit [ 19], but only the baseline DNA data were used in the present study.
The intra-relationships of this clade match closely those suggested by DNA-DNA hybridization data, and only the position of the plover Pluvialis differs.
