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Seventy-five patients with CD4 T cell counts <100/mm3 were monitored prospectively every 2 months for CMV DNA burden.
CMV DNA burden, at levels of > or =320 in white blood cells or > or =32 in plasma (P =.001), particularly when sustained (P =.005 and.008, respectively), distinguished patients who developed retinitis from those who remained free of disease.
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This was reflected in another study, in which cats that recovered from FeLV infection had lower proviral DNA burdens than cats that were persistently infected (24).
The DNA repair burden would also be reduced in somatic cells because some damage to organellar DNA could be tolerated.
Nevertheless, when the DNA damage burden does not exceed the level of DNA damage recognition, transcriptional regulation of respective proteins is not expected.
Isolating and analyzing expression in CTCs alongside monitoring circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) burden has high direct translational potential for identifying personalized biomarker panels to guide treatment in real-time.
In Ph− myeloproliferative neoplasms, the quantification of the JAK2V617F transcripts may provide some advantages over the DNA allele burden determination.
However, when subjects are exposed to higher concentrations of arsenic, there may be interference with cell machinery that influences DNA damage burden and the apoptotic threshold.
However, the quantification of JAK2V617F mRNA transcripts by a real-time quantitative RT-PCR (q-RT-PCR) may provide some advantages over the DNA allele burden [ 9].
TXNRD1 is involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress [ 69, 70], indicating the generation of reactive oxygen species after BaP exposure, which may contribute to the DNA damage burden caused by this compound.
TRF2 deletion provokes a dramatic DNA damage burden and an immediate DNA damage response as indicated by the increase in γH2AX, p53, and p21 positive cells in the epidermal layer of the skin that is coincidental with a progressive induction of apoptosis until E16.5.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com