We inferred that the evolution of scd genes might be a division of gene expression subsequent to gene duplication.
The division of gene expression after gene duplication appears to be a general form of subfunctionalization [ 53, 54].
Because the calculation of both M and MNorthern values included division of gene expression data recorded in stress-exposed cultures with their counterparts found in controls the non-stress-related incubation-time-dependent changes taking place in control cultures distorted these parameters and, hence, disturbed their correlation especially at longer incubation periods.
Gene expression data were first scaled, separately for each gene, by the subtraction of median gene expression of healthy samples and variance stabilized by the division with variance of gene expression of healthy samples.
Gene ontology analysis indicated significant over-representation of elements involved in cell cycle and mitosis II (Additional file 6: Table S6), suggesting that the 2-cell embryos reprogrammed its cell cycle regulation from that of an arrested state to an active mode of cell division through changes of gene expression.
This delay correlates well with a greatly reduced rate of cell division and a different pattern of gene expression in the mature kidney and could explain the increase in human PKD with age.
This step-wise progression of gene expression, cell division, and migration are virtually identical to those observed in C. intestinalis, demonstrating deep evolutionary conservation of the cardiopharyngeal ontogenetic motif in ascidians.
PARP has multiple biological functions including regulation of gene expression, cell division, differentiation and DNA repair, whereas AIF and cytochrome c have important functions in mitochondrial metabolism and protection from oxidative stress.
The incorporation of H2B-GFP into chromatin may affect gene expression profile and cell fate commitments via multiple mechanisms including effects on nucleosome structure, chromatin structure, histone code, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, asymmetric cell division and potential "leakiness" of the doxycycline-inducible system itself.
The activity of HDACs has previously been connected to a variety of different cellular processes, notably regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal rearrangements, division, and differentiation.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08145.002 How genetically identical daughter cells adopt dissimilar programs of gene expression following cell division is a fundamental problem in developmental biology.
