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In addition, we are studying four different mechanisms for determining the division direction, ShortestPath.
The division plane is then the straight path that goes through the division center parallel to the division direction.
A division rule consists of two mechanisms; one to determine the division center and one to determine the division direction.
The division direction is orthogonal to the direction of the previous cell division, following patterns seen in plant tissues [9], [10].
This shows how important a proper mechanism for determining the division center is as a top performing mechanism for orienting the division direction can easily be turned into the worst by changing the mechanism for determining the division center.
A third division rule suggested for plant cells is to divide the cell perpendicular to the principal strain direction, but with isotropic growth the maximal growth direction is ambiguous, and the rule led to cell shapes similar to those obtained by choosing a random division direction (Fig. 2B).
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Division planes in mother and daughter cells can be related where orthogonal division directions are common [9], [10].
The division directions are important for determining the shapes of the daughter cells, where the ShortestPath favors more symmetrically shaped daughter cells, while RandomDirection has no such bias.
For the latrunculin A (La-A) and β1 integrin-neutralizing antibody-treated cells, division directions became randomly oriented (Fig. 3B), which was similar to a recent report [35].
It is well known that a shortest path rule for dividing plant cells is not a general rule of generating division directions.
(b) The blockage of β1 integrin, a component of focal adhesions which connect stress fibers and extracellular matrix, resulted in disoriented cell division directions and a loss of DF.
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