Economists divide growth into two different types, "extensive" and "intensive".
The Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI indicator edged down to 46.1 in December from November's 46.2, and has now been below the key 50 mark, dividing growth from contraction, since August 2011.
For each growth indicator, we tested whether dividing growth into 2 periods (ages 1 5 and 5 8 y) improved the model fit, which it did not (see Tables S3and S4 under "Supplemental data" in the online issue).
For quantification of growth rates, distances between LAGs, i.e. growth zones were measured with Leica IM 50 Image Manager®, and annual growth rates per day were calculated [ 51] by dividing growth zones by the number of days per growth period and year.
Percentage growth was determined by the ratio of the growth rate of group L divided by growth rate of group C: percentage growth = growth rategroup L / growth rategroup C. Data were clustered at each patient with repeated measures of total length of tibia, actual length of tibia, and the growth rate at each age between the 2 different groups.
Global oil intensity -- oil demand growth divided by economic growth -- has fallen about 2 percent a year over the past decade, and the decline is now accelerating, pushed by high oil prices, shifts to alternative fuels and measures to curb climate change.
In order to summarize these results, for each protected area we then divided the growth rate in the 0 10 km buffer by the growth rate in the 10 20 km buffer.
In another paper, John Fernald of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco divided potential growth into its individual components labour force, capital and TFP and concluded that growth in both labour productivity and TFP began slowing before the recession.
Under the banner of promoting more rapid and evenly divided economic growth, he'll be forced to defend whatever proposals he offers for education, immigration reform, and free trade.
By giving each of the price--based screens more weighting in his stock selection, the resulting portfolio is evenly divided between growth and value stocks, Mr. O'Toole said.
