Mann-Whitney U test was applied for the comparison between two groups divided by a medium PCS level (PCS, ≧6.0 mg/L and <6.0 mg/L) in CKD patients.
Colony size on copper sulfate medium was divided by that on rich medium to control for copper independent growth differences.
The apoptotic index (AI) is given by the difference between the mean count per minute for the cells with mibolerone and the mean count for cells in serum free medium divided by the mean for cells in serum free medium and expressed as a percentage.
The percent cholesterol efflux was calculated as [3H]cholesterol counts in the medium divided by the sum of [3H] counts in the cell and in the medium.
Net selectivity (SK: Na) is defined as the ratio of K+ concentration in the plant tissue to that in the medium divided by the ratio of Na+ concentration in the plant to that in the medium, which varies between families of flowering plants (Flowers et al. 1986).
Wavelength is usually denoted by the Greek letter lambda ; it is equal to the speed (v) of a wave train in a medium divided by its frequency (f): λ = v/f.
Encapsulation efficiency (wt.%) was calculated from the difference between the amount of SA dissolved in aqueous polymer solution and that of SA released in gelation medium divided by the amount of SA dissolved in aqueous polymer solution.
Percent cell death is determined by the amount of LDH measured in the medium divided by the amount of LDH after addition of 1% Triton-X 100.
The percentage of LDH release was calculated as LDH in the culture medium divided by total LDH (maximum releasable LDH activity).
