There has been no concrete evidence demonstrating that the evolution of Rf-PPRs is related to the generation of novel ORFs in mitochondria; however, there certainly must be a selective constraint to the diversifying selection of the Rf-PPRs, in the same manner as there are pathogens restricting the evolution of the R genes.
Also, of the 7 genes involved in diversifying selection of pv.
It is possible that rapid diversifying selection of Acp26Aa includes the acquisition of SCPs among other types of polymorphism.
For example, Manier et al. [ 42] detected diversifying selection of different ecotypes of garter snake Thamnophis elegans (in terms of coloration and scalation).
The authors of those studies concluded diversifying selection of IL4 was driven by co-evolution of the receptor/ligand pair [ 18, 38].
In addition to these constrained sites, sites subject to diversifying selection of the AMPs could also have a role in antimicrobial function.
Tandem gene duplication in combination with diversifying selection of the genes encoding pilus subunits may represent the molecular mechanism to adopt interaction with host-specific erythrocyte receptors as discussed above (Seubert et al., 2003b; Nystedt et al., 2008).
Although the force or forces driving the diversifying selection of these genes is unknown, the result is that the sequence of these proteins has been altered in humans and our closest living relatives.
The recognition of pathogen peptides by CTL is known to exert an immune selection pressure that results in selection of amino acid substitutions in critical residues of the epitope [ 27], and evidence for diversifying selection of a predominant (non-SVSP) T cell epitope of T. annulata has been obtained (Weir and Morrison, unpublished data).
Arthropod Wolbachia have traditionally been thought of as parasitic and therefore the presence of diversifying selection on a number of cofactor biosynthesis genes is particularly exciting (Fig. 2 & see Additional file 1).
