Dave Fernig (University of Liverpool, UK) described the roles of heparan sulphate components of cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins as modulators of growth factor action on mammary cells and developed the concept of dual-receptor systems (heparan sulphate-glycoprotein plus classical cognate receptor) and their ability to diversify responses and outcomes to growth factor challenge.
Further, many lineages may have diversified in response to specific climatic changes, such as Artiodactyla in response to Oligocene cooling events.
Here, we discuss how plants, notably those using C4 photosynthesis, diversified in response to environmental challenges imposed by declining atmospheric CO2 content in recent geological time.
Species in Macowania are likely to have diversified in response to tectonic uplift, and we invoke uplift and uplift-mediated erosion as the main drivers of speciation.
The orthologous genes were identified with very high stringency (reciprocal best match and the same unique Swissprot hit) which may have filtered out genes that have diversified in response to selection and no longer exhibit similarity significant enough to be identified with BLAST [ 39].
We conclude that competing CPPs currently exist which creates diversified policy responses to climate change impacts in both countries.
In each of these tissues, few subcategories were regulated at all investigated times of day and regulation usually differed in intensity, thus supporting the trend of diversified cellular responses in dependence of time of day.
As H5N1 spreads the virus diversifies in response to the variety of socioecological environments encountered, increasing the chance a human infection emerges.
This expansion may also diversify the response properties of the receptor pools.
Thus, the timing and magnitude of target gene expression can be used to modulate the range of expression and diversify the response to morphogen gradients.
