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The identification of an increasing number of immunogenic patterns and PRRs illustrates that PTI is a universal defence mechanism against pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants, and that evolutionary selective pressure drives diversification of molecular patterns and diversity of PRRs.
Extracellular signal-dependent alternative splicing is a major mechanism responsible for diversification of molecular repertoire by affecting several cellular functions including apoptosis, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, cell migration, and invasion [ 9, 46, 47].
Considering that many motifs can be functionally important and play a role in enzyme specificity and biochemical activity, the long loop regions extending from the protein core in the plant GDSL esterases/lipases might be involved in the diversification of molecular multifunctionality, as this was found in bacterial species [ 25, 27].
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Notably, five major types of double flower were identified by morphological characterizations of flower organ number, organ shape and compositions [ 27, 28], which suggested various diversifications of molecular mechanisms underlying the control of double flower development.
Our study provides a detailed account of the history and diversification of a molecular interactome and shows how the interplay of domain fusions and fissions defines an evolutionary mechanics of domain organization that is fundamentally responsible for the complexity of the protein world.
Finally, we discuss the value of marine model species to shed light on the evolution and diversification of known molecular clocks.
However, it remains unclear whether there also remains a direct effect of diversification on rates of molecular evolution, or vice versa, when major ecological traits are accounted for.
Mammals provide an ideal opportunity to investigate the generality and potential direction of causality of the relationship between net diversification and rates of molecular evolution.
It is also possible the link between net diversification and rates of molecular evolution could be caused by differences in mutation rates between lineages.
This positive relationship suggests that the correlation between diversification and rates of molecular evolution is due to a process of enhanced speciation rates in faster-evolving lineages, rather than decreased extinction.
If this is the cause of the previously noted link between diversification and rates of molecular evolution then it is possible that the connection between speciation events and substitution rate is for some reason not as strong in mammals.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com