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This is both an effect and a cause of the fact that companies in Japan and Germany tend to be less diversified than U.S. companies; where diversification occurs, it tends to be into closely related businesses.
Following a disaster, the surviving types reproduce until the total population is restored to a carrying capacity, N. Phenotypic diversification occurs via stochastic phenotype switching such that each time a strain reproduces there is a probability p that the alternate phenotype will be produced.
Most theories of evolutionary diversification are based on equilibrium assumptions: they are either based on optimality arguments involving static fitness landscapes, or they assume that populations first evolve to an equilibrium state before diversification occurs, as exemplified by the concept of evolutionary branching points in adaptive dynamics theory.
These studies nicely illustrate how metabolic diversification occurs in the face of resource competition.
Increased diversification occurs when the biochemical basis of traits under selection differs among genotypes, e.g. when unrelated metabolic pathways enhance resistance to a common pathogen.
These novel reassortant viruses highlight the increasing complexity of influenza viruses within pig populations and the frequency at which viral diversification occurs in this ecologically important viral reservoir.
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That aspects of antibody-gene diversification occur outside the bone marrow is not without precedent.
Given an average sedimentation rate of 1.1 mm kyr−1 in the middle Norian chert succession (Supplementary Fig. S2), this second diversification occurred within ~0.3 Myr after the impact event.
More diversification occurred in the Western Hemisphere compared with the Eastern Hemisphere.
Divergence time estimates indicate that lemurs are an ancient group, with their initial diversification occurring around the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.
However, expression diversification between the duplicated pairs could be found in all seven duplicated genes (Table 3), indicating that functional diversification occurred following the duplication event.
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