The time estimates inferred from the phylogenetic analyses based on the mtDNA sequence analysed herein, also point to a very recent diversification pattern for all the studies analysed.
The recent study of Magallon and Castillo [ 111] presents a diversification hypothesis for all angiosperms derived from constraining minimal ages of 49 nodes with fossil data.
Although divergence within phylogroup L is estimated to have started in the Plio-Pleistocene (1.96 Ma 1.13-2.91 1.13-2.91rentheiversity within eacurrentogroup seems to have Pleistocene origins, with diversitycation times for all phylogroups estimated to be younger than 1.0 Ma.
To confirm these results, a relative cladogenesis test, as implemented in the geiger package [ 61], was used to identify lineages with unusually slow or rapid diversification rates for all slices through the tree (with the Bonferroni correction and 0.05 as the cut-off for significant p-value).
The evolution of this canonical zootypic network may have been the necessary precursor for the diversification of all contemporary metazoan body plans.
Using another diversification test that take into account branch lengths (i.e., LASER [ 23]), constant rates of lineage diversification were rejected for all major subclades.
Among antagonistic equals, this runaway expansion of synergistic competition would thus become an unbridled evolutionary driver responsible for the emergence and diversification of all the brighter aspects of human uniqueness, notably the inflationary expansion of synergistic intelligence, culture, and communications (language).
We estimated temporal variation in speciation, extinction rates and diversification rate changes for all Asian mammals combined together.
To test for shifts in diversification rate, a fixed null model, in which a single diversification rate was estimated for all lineages, was compared to a flexible alternative model in which an ancestral diversification rate is permitted to shift to a descendent rate along some branch in the tree.
