Alastair Iles and Claire Kremen co-direct the Center for Diversified Systems Farming, research hub within the Berkeley Food Institute that examines how different forms of agriculture along a spectrum of diversification affect human societies and the environment.
Ratcliff, W. C., Hawthorne, P. & Libby, E. Courting disaster: how diversification rate affects fitness under risk.
Hence, it is possible that genetic variation leading to clasper size diversification also affects the size of other traits such as the posterior lobes and anal plates.
This may be because net diversification is not associated with consistent effects on population size [ 46], or diversification does affect effective population size, but the effect on ω is overwritten by other population fluctuations [ 46].
Mobilizing several methods originating from complex networks allows us to shed new light on specialization and diversification dynamics affecting the evolution of ports and shipping.
Despite the significant efforts in this field there is still controversy in terms of, the strength of coevolutionary signal, the role of coevolution in functional diversification and affect of structural environment on coevolution.
The ratio of the states after the diversification was affected by the velocity of autonomous signal accumulation, which depends on the cell density and the AHL production rate of individual cells.
While Pleistocene events have been shown to have been important factors driving diversification and affecting distributions in many groups, (e.g. [ 18, 53- 55]), recent estimates suggest that the Melanohalea radiation vastly predates Pleistocene glacial cycles [ 12].
While Pleistocene events have been important for driving diversification and affecting distributions in many groups, recent estimates suggest that major radiations within some genera in the largest clade of macrolichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) vastly predate the Pleistocene.
Gender affects diversification options as gender roles are culturally determined, mobility of females may be constrained and females experience differential access to assets (Dhanaraj 2015).
