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The International Classification of Sleep Disorders of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine describes insomnia secondary to drugs or substances, highlighting some of the features which characterize it: (a) the iatrogenic nature (b) the diverse range of effects on sleep structure by the different substances, (c) the failure or the partiality of knowledge about it.
When treatment stopped, however, the men described a diverse range of effects of erectile dysfunction on themselves and on their partners.
Nucleoside modification deficiencies have a diverse range of effects, from decreased virulence in bacteria, neural system disease in human, and gene expression and stress response changes in plants.
Crosstalk between different components of the TGF- β signaling pathway may explain the diverse range of effects mediated by TGF- β.
IL-1β is a key inflammatory cytokine important in host defence that mediates a diverse range of effects, including T-cell polarization, antibody production, fever and endothelial and phagocyte activation (O'Neill, 2008; Dinarello, 2009).
Almost without exception, these inhibitors target several other kinases apart from RET with equal or higher affinity and accordingly induce a diverse range of effects in different cell lines (Table 1) [ 17– 17].
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Although a diverse range of behavioral effects attribute to BPA exposure have been studied in mammalian models [ 6], its behavioral effects have not been studied in C. elegans, a model with the potential to unravel the developmental basis of the observed behavioral anamolies.
"The enlargement of the canal will increase the number of invasions from the Red Sea resulting in a diverse range of harmful effects on the ecosystem structure and functioning of the whole Mediterranean sea, with implications to services it provides for humans," Bella Galil, a marine biologist at Israel's National Institute of Oceanography, told the Guardian.
The diverse range of pathophysiological effects of the venoms and toxins from Australian venomous and poisonous animals present a major challenge for veterinary treatment.
When consuming in excess, OTA is known to exert a diverse range of toxicological effects including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity [ 2, 3].
Despite its wide use, some molecular and metabolic mechanisms by which aspirin exerts this diverse range of therapeutic effects remain unclear.
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