Importantly, these GTPases are also found in diverse pathogens, such as Neisseria spp and M yc.
These include proteins conferring resistance to diverse pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae, Albugo candida, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and various Fusarium races.
6 Enhanced plant cytokinin responses have been shown to enhance plant immunity against diverse pathogens such as biotrophs, 7 hemi-biotrophs, 8, 9 as well as necrotrophs.
For example, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) display diverse modes of inhibitory action against various pathogens such as fungi and bacterial species (Yamanaka et∼al. 2005; Lamsal et∼al. 2011).
The potential of using resequencing microarray for simultaneous detection and identification of highly diverse respiratory pathogens, such as HRV and HEV, was also demonstrated.
Intestinal dysbiosis often acts as a predisposing factor to infectious diseases, as diverse bacterial pathogens such as S. Typhimurium and Clostridium difficile may exploit disruptions of the microbiota to establish replicative niches (Lawley et al., 2012; Stecher et al., 2007).
It has been reported that the capacity of G. diazotrophicus to antagonize diverse plant pathogens such as fungi, and bacteria contributes to increasing its ability to survive under environmental stress and leads to an improvement in plant fitness which may have important consequences for agricultural productivity [ 9, 10].
Still, K. pneumoniae is much more diverse than notorious monomorphic pathogens such as Y. pestis or S. enterica serotype Typhi [58], [59].
Mycobacteria belong to the GC-rich Actinomycetes, and as a genus contain diverse species including human pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, as well as free-living non-pathogenic soil bacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis[ 1].
CZT-1 homologs from BLAST searches correspond mostly to uncharacterized proteins in diverse fungi, including human pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus or crop pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae or Fusarium sp. There is strong homology between CZT-1 and members of the Pezizomycotina, whereas homology is weaker for members of the Saccharomycotina and Taphrinomycotina.
Many diverse pathogens can be involved in this process, such that bovine respiratory disease is considered to be etiologically complex (i.e., BRDC), and perhaps more challenging to control or mitigate than many diseases caused by a single, discrete pathogen.
