Many WRKY genes were proven as involved in innate plant immune responses and showed increased expression in response to diverse pathogens, i.e., fungal and bacterial pathogens [ 61, 62], soybean cyst nematode [ 68] and root knot nematode [ 69], as well as cereal cyst nematode H. avenae in this study.
Such pathogen-associated genes, in particular those found in diverse pathogens but not in non-pathogens in the same genera, warrant further study for their potential role in virulence, as well as for their potential as anti-infective drug targets or vaccine components.
These data suggest that viral RCs can be marked and antagonized by a universal immune defense mechanism targeting diverse pathogens replicating in cytosolic membrane structures.
It is well known that most of the plant resistance genes were highly induced by diverse pathogens, and thus, in this study, the significantly upregulated genes either in 24h_vs_3d or in 3d_vs_8d were viewed and treated as candidate resistance genes.
The loss of PFT activity results in significant reduction of virulence in diverse pathogens [ 1, 2].
Our targets of interest are proteins that are present in diverse pathogens but absent from non-pathogens, and therefore we had to decide which proteins in different organisms should be treated as the same protein.
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of virulence traits in diverse pathogens, including protozoan and fungi.
Importantly, these GTPases are also found in diverse pathogens, such as Neisseria spp and M yc.
Many diverse pathogens can be involved in this process, such that bovine respiratory disease is considered to be etiologically complex (i.e., BRDC), and perhaps more challenging to control or mitigate than many diseases caused by a single, discrete pathogen.
