(T tetrad, PM post-meiotic, M mature, C control, H heat) Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 18 30 nt non-coding regulatory elements found in diverse organisms, which were initially identified as small double-stranded RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans [ 58].
Moreover, microsatellite markers could be effectively applied in phylogenetically related species according to their conserved sequences among diverse organisms, which will greatly benefit genetic studies of related species [ 15].
Escherichia coli is a highly diverse organism, which ranges from the intestinal commensal K12 strains, through to intestinal pathogenic variants such as ETEC, EAEC, and EPEC, to severe intestinal pathogens such as E. coli O157, and then extraintestinal pathogenic variants causing UTIs and bacteremia.
Algae represent a highly diverse group of organisms, which are able to grow under a variety of different conditions.
Plants are subject to infection by thousands of species of very diverse organisms, most of which are microbes.
The excavates comprise a vast assemblage of diverse organisms some of which, in particular, diplomonads and parabasalids, lack typical mitochondria and accordingly were long considered "primitive" forms and promising candidates for the archezoan status (Roger 1999; Simpson 2003).
Efficient and effective annotation methods for non-model organisms has become critical in a time when initiatives such as i5K (5000 insect genomes [ 52]) and G10K (10,000 animal genomes [ 53]) motivate scientists to investigate genomes of diverse organisms, many of which will be evolutionarily distant from existing model organisms.
Fungi (and fungal-like oomycetes) are an incredibly diverse and adaptable group of organisms which colonise all habitats on Earth.
The microalgae are a large and diverse group of microscopic, photoautotrophic, or photoheterotrophic organisms, which grow profusely in both salt and fresh natural waters [ 7].
It is known that sponges the most diverse marine invertebrates have evolved antagonistic effects against other invading organisms, which involves the production of the secondary metabolites (Wah et al. 2006).
Biochemical properties of these proteins vary along with their donor organisms, which has complicated the phylogenetic classification of diverse PHGPx-like proteins.
