Difference equations appear in many mathematical models in diverse fields, such as economy, biology, physics, and finance; see [1 3].
In mathematical models in diverse areas such as economy, biology, computer science, difference equations appear in a natural way; see, for example, [1, 2].
Grounded in the vast and diverse theoretical epidemiology field, these mathematical models serve as valuable tools to explain empirical data, predict possible outcomes of virus infection, and propose the optimal strategy of anti-virus therapy [ 1, 2].
Till date, many studies have been reported in the literature on solving machine tool selection problems using diverse multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, mathematical models and knowledge-based systems.
For highly diverse forests, it is often impractical to fit mathematical models to each species.
We have demonstrated that the combination of dynamical mathematical models with Bayesian inference is valuable in integrating diverse experimental data and identifying key determinants and parameters for the IncP-1 central control operon.
Fractional differential equations have been of increasing importance for the past decades due to their diverse applications in science and engineering, we can describe natural phenomena and mathematical models more accurately.
Mathematical models of disease transmission processes can serve as platforms for integration of diverse data, including site-specific information, for the purpose of designing strategies for minimizing transmission.
For example, biology education researchers may be better positioned to offer diverse perspectives and employ a greater variety of methods in their research (e.g., experimentation, statistical and mathematical models, rich description).
Mathematical models play an increasingly important role in understanding the dynamic behavior and the mechanism underlying diverse and complex biological systems.
