As 10 20% of those with MGUS in this group are likely to develop multiple myeloma or diverse malignant plasma cell disorders when they reach 60 70 years of age, early detection of MGUS in 50s should be considered.
The diverse malignant phenotypes of cancer cells usually associate with several genetic or epigenetic alterations of critical oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.
In addition, this metabolic signature is the common denominator of multiple and diverse pathways; which means that if it is therapeutically targeted it might offer selectivity for malignant cells of diverse cellular and molecular origins.
27 Other agents are designed to prevent the dependence of malignant cells on diverse growth factors and their receptors.
In addition, several studies have revealed that a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family, named GPR30 (also known as GPER), is also able to mediate estrogen signaling in diverse types of normal and malignant cells, including breast cancer cells and CAFs derived from breast tumor patients (Madeo and Maggiolini, 2010; Maggiolini and Picard, 2010).
Thus, PDK1 appears to have diverse roles in both normal and malignant cells through kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
The original seed and soil hypothesis [ 8] was refined recognizing that metastases of solid tumours require collaborative interactions between malignant cells and a diverse assortment of "activated" stromal cells at both primary and secondary tumour locations [ 9].
In this vein, it has been shown that malignant cells recruit into the tumor mass diverse stromal components like CAFs, inflammatory and vascular cells that actively cooperate towards cancer progression [ 46, 49- 51].
For instance, it has been shown that malignant cells may recruit into the tumor mass diverse components of the microenvironment like CAFs, inflammatory and vascular cells that actively cooperate toward cancer progression.
Breast cancers are heterogeneous and consist of several pathologic subtypes with different histological appearances of the malignant cells, different clinical presentations and outcomes, and the patients show a diverse range of responses to a given treatment.
