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First, antibodies with their robust immunoglobulin domain architecture provide a rigid scaffold to support six hypervariable loops, capable of forming highly diverse binding sites.
Physico-chemical factors interfering with substrate anchoring mainly relate to the variably expressed lipophilicity/hydrophilicity profile of the diverse binding sites and bulkiness of the side chains of critical amino acids.
Using cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) as a test example, Sperandio et al. have demonstrated normal mode analysis as an effective tool to select relevant target conformations with diverse binding sites (42).
This is accomplished by plasticity, by which a given IDR folds into distinctive conformations to accommodate the diverse binding sites of its different partners (vii) A many-to-one binding mode, by which many different IDPs/IDRs bind to one site on a single ordered partner.
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Utilizing a diverse binding site, T cell receptors (TCRs) specifically recognize a composite ligand comprised of a foreign peptide and a major histocompatibility complex protein (MHC).
The superimposition of these diverse binding-sites based on their similarities to the asd gene product binding-site leads to an extremely good superposition of their respective bound-ligands (Inset Figure 1).
This is important for creating a good benchmark set with an adequate number of diverse ligand binding sites, since most proteins in the structure database do not have the particular ligand bound.
The data reveal features of the ion channel architecture and of diverse categories of binding sites, such as those that bind orthosteric ligands, including neurotransmitters, and those that bind allosteric modulators, such as general anesthetics, ivermectin, or lipids.
Moreover, functional targets for SRSF1 are more diverse than optimal binding sites, since half of them have neither a GGA nor a GAA motif (Liu et al., 1998a; Smith et al., 2006).
The above studies highlighted the fact that PML RAR α not only binds to the promoter regions of target genes but also has a rather diverse repertoire of binding sites.
3) Similar combinatorial uses of multiple binding sites to bind diverse peptides have been shown and extensively characterized in other solenoid helical repeat protein systems such as the recognition diverse NLS peptides by the importin Transportin-1 or Karyopherin-beta2.
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