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Moreover, the numerical illustrations demonstrate the paramount importance of interferences among divergent waves for fast ships.
The remarkably simple yet realistic Hogner model of farfield ship waves, previously considered to analyze the apparent wake angle associated with the highest waves that result from constructive interferences among the divergent waves created by a fast ship in deep water, is applied to the more general case of uniform finite water depth.
Indeed, constructive interferences among the divergent waves created by a fast ship largely determine the variation of the amplitude of the waves across the ship wake, and therefore the apparent wake angle and the wave drag of the ship, a critical element of ship design.
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Higher diffraction orders have highly divergent wave vectors with respect to the optical axis.
The governing equations for viscoelastic spherical divergent stress waves are formulated, and the solutions for spherical stress waves are analytically given in the Laplace domain.
An attractive feature of the high-order solutions is the rigorous description of strongly focused (or strongly divergent) cylindrical wave-fields without any approximations, nor the need for numerical methods.
As a boat wave approaches the sink, it captures divergent and transverse waves as discussed and explained in Fig. 1.
This species has evolved canalized ecotypes but, nevertheless, the ecotypes show some phenotypic plasticity for the traits under divergent selection between wave-exposed and high-predation habitats.
The detailed continuous STAFF-SA measurements again show rapid variations of wave intensity, divergent directions of the Poynting vector, an increase in frequency as the Cluster spacecraft moves inwards from L = 11.4 to L = 4.4, and, subsequently, a decrease in frequency on the outbound pass from L = 5.2 to L = 13.1.
Bank executives expressed radically divergent views on whether the wave of loan losses was nearing its peak or would continue to erase profits for years to come as clients struggled to repay their debts.
The detailed continuous STAFF-SA measurements show that rapid variations of wave intensity and divergent directions of the Poynting vector (Santolik 2008) are detected in both cases.
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