One of the outstanding transcription factors that we have identified is Ying Yang 1 YY1), which plays an important role in divergent biologic processes such as embryogenesis, differentiation, cellular proliferation and cancer progression [ 31, 32].
Asexual taxa are also expected to diverge into discrete lineages under processes such as divergent selection and/or geographic isolation [ 4].
These genetic signatures can be hard to assess since it is difficult to demonstrate the allelic nature of very divergent sequences, divergence levels may be complicated by processes such as inter-specific hybridization, and genes may have secondary roles unrelated to sexual reproduction.
QST- FST comparisons along this gradient [ 60] further indicate that the patterns of phenotypic divergence observed here are most likely a result of divergent natural selection rather than neutral processes, such as drift and gene flow [ 61].
As a non-receptor kinase, SRC is an integrator of divergent signal transduction pathways that regulate numerous cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and survival.
In extreme cases processes such as non-adaptive diversification (speciation without divergent selection) could mask the existence of ancient lineages as divergent as ecologically and morphologically diverse radiations recognised as genera or even families in related groups.
Spiculated periosteal reaction can present as "hair-on-end", divergent or sunburst patterns and generally occurs with more rapidly unfolding processes such as aggressive malignancies including osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma or neuroblastoma.
The process of (on-going) speciation is thought to be triggered by a combination of many different mechanisms which include processes such as, gradual adaptation to different environment, evolution of divergent mate recognition and other molecular mechanism which are thought to be influenced by fast evolving regions in the genome.
Another possibility is that within populations, stochastic changes in traits driven by processes such as sexual selection promote reproductive isolation between geographically isolated populations where divergent natural selection is not acting [ 28, 29].
First, some evolutionary processes such as horizontal gene transfer or gene duplication followed by differential gene loss may result in a divergent gene tree topology as compared to the actual species phylogeny.
