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The battle between divergent pressure groups concerning who should possess jurisdiction over accounting work is explored, and the solution to this problematic is found to connect with the nature of a central government accounting system that was itself undergoing significant change.
Barley is a crucial part of household subsistence at high elevations, and strong farmer selection to maximize productivity in each location could drive this divergent pressure.
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The moves underscore the divergent pressures British Telecommunications is facing: it must sell assets to reduce debt that is approaching $44 billion, while it is forced to spend to establish itself in the mobile-phone business.
Non-divergent pressure and displacement are obtained simultaneously through a few numbers of iterations.
To identify whether tropical species display molecular signatures of divergent selective pressure on immune response, we used a phylogenetic framework to compare these three rodent species.
We tested for directional selection on the Eutherian branch, and for divergent selection pressure between the Eutherian UCP1 clade and its paralogs UCP2 and UCP3.
Approximately 40% of all sites are under divergent selection pressure, with nonsynonymous substitutions accumulating at a rate ~1.7× greater in the UCP1 Eutherian clade (clade E) relative to its paralogs, as compared to synonymous substitutions.
It was hypothesized that increasing genetic diversity in host populations would retard the rate at which pathogens evolve [ 14, 15, 21, 59] because heterogeneity in the host population would lead to divergent selection pressure on the pathogen population [ 17].
The possibility of divergent selective pressure was next explored on a wider taxonomic scale comparing three major eutherian clades: the Euarchontoglires (n = 20), the Laurasiatheria (n = 9), and the Afrotheria + Xenarthra (n = 4) (see Figure 1a for these clades).
We note that other modes of adaptive evolution are plausible, such as a burst of adaptive evolution in an accessory gene following an LGT event or long term divergent selection pressure between pathogenic and non-pathogenic lineages of streptococci, but they are not detectible by using the codon models employed in this study.
Branch refers to the branch allowed to have a dN/dS distribution independent of the rest of the tree; Model refers to the Nsites value in codeml; M2 is the branch-site test of positive selection; M3 is the test of divergent selection pressure.
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