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Most notably, we observed transcriptional suppression in the case of divergent arrangements: pKlURA activity was reduced when pGAL1 was inactive.
It is assumed that the evolution of their divergent arrangements is associated with that of a complex pathway of co-regulation related to aging in vertebrates.
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In primary macrophages, we found U6 promoter activity was inhibited by UbiC promoter when in the divergent arrangement but not in tandem.
Regardless of the exact mechanism, we showed that two functionally unrelated promoters can be transcriptionally coupled in the divergent arrangement.
The corresponding region on chromosome 5 preserves the divergent arrangement of the genes but with two other genes, At5g17170 and At5g17180, intervening (Additional file 1: Figure S3C).
In addressing the second question, we also observed unique expression patterns in the gene expression cassette only in the divergent arrangement.
In addressing the first question, we observed that the selection marker can be significantly suppressed with the gene expression cassette, but only in the divergent arrangement.
Such a domain arrangement of predicted CBS enzymes in fully sequenced organisms has been found only in organisms from the nematode phylum, showing an evolutionarily divergent arrangement of the CBS protein in this phylum.
Consistent with this notion, recent theoretical and bioinformatics studies suggested that divergent arrangement of two genes in proximity may be a noise-reducing mechanism (Wang et al. 2011; Woo and Li 2011).
In addition, a divergent arrangement of a seed-expressed oleosin gene, OLE1, and a peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, PMSR, At4g25130 and At4g25140 respectively, was reported initially in Brassica napus and then characterised in Arabidopsis[ 21, 34, 35].
It will be most interesting to see if any future discoveries add to this new trend of divergent horn arrangements.
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