hAP-2α and hAP-2γ have some common and some distinct roles in cells, and are likely the remarkable results of gene duplication, translocation and functional divergence through evolution.
Human tissues and cells express three AMP deaminase (AMPD) isoforms containing divergent N-terminal domains, and each member of the multigene family encoding these enzymes produces alternative transcripts that confer additional N-terminal divergence through extensions and cassette-type substitutions.
The latter two involve the effects of contingency and chance on axes of divergence through morphospace.
Nevertheless, within such a confined bacterial community, individual subclones are not entirely identical, but display divergence through subtle genetic and, consequently, phenotypic variants [13] [19].
Migration and gene flow can interact in complex ways, and can either promote or constrain adaptive divergence through either gene flow or demography [47].
First, variable regions associate with internal duplication (and hence the possibility of generating divergence through internal recombination) were identified using BLAST against the X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa genomes.
Gene duplication not only provides more substrates for divergence through subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization, but also establishes a robustness against null phenotypes through compensation [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11].
At the same time the beam width and the divergence through the prisms could be kept low, allowing lower losses and a shorter inter-prism separation, therefore a shorter cavity with higher maximal pulse repetition rate.
Distance to mainland may influence body size because presumed higher immigration rates to near-shore islands would dilute in situ divergence through influx of gene flow from the mainland [3].
