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Exact(31)
Since natives have been associated with one another through evolutionary time, the forces promoting character and niche divergence should be high.
One crucial barcoding criteria is that congeneric divergence should be higher than conspecific divergence [31].
Ideally, within-species divergence should be very small, while divergence from sister species and all other species is larger.
Furthermore, at least for Vibrio spp., these clusters constituted individuals different at the genomic level but whose divergence should be neutral (i.e. with no selective advantage) because of the small spatial scale in which they coexisted [14].
More, specifically, we predict that such divergence should be particularly prominent when comparing nonsynonymous sequence variation at the exon 2-encoded ABS of different species, as diversifying selection is thought to act most stringently at these sites.
If the overall distribution of expression intensities was similar in each treatment before normalization, it is reasonable to expect that the magnitude and direction of expression divergence should be unbiased – that for a given magnitude of expression divergence, a similar number of genes will be upregulated in one treatment as is upregulated in the other.
Similar(29)
Therefore, alternative methods that may provide effective time constraints in dating teleostean divergences should be explored, e.g., methods based on reasonable biogeographic assumptions.
If reduced levels of polymorphism and divergence in the 5'UTR can be explained by a lower mutation rate, the ratio of polymorphisms to divergences should be similar to that for synonymous sites.
Two caveats to divergence estimates should be noted: 1) The Ks values for the most divergent duplicate genes were for the most part well past saturation (greater than 1) and 2) in the most divergent regions, we cannot be certain that we are comparing homeologs and not paralogs (segmental or single gene duplications) without the context of the whole genome or more sequence in these regions.
Because divergence calculations can vary depending on outgroups, genes, or calibration points used in analysis [ 12, 82], divergence times should be interpreted cautiously.
The central limit theorem then implies that the divergence measure should be normally distributed around the distribution's mean.
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