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Accordingly, independent transposition of several TE families likely occurred during the divergence of host genomes.
The divergence among other viruses was incongruent with divergence of host species, e.g., those from S. kuhlii and Myotis ricketti.
Such horizontal transfer is supported by the incongruence of the gypsy and species phylogenies and by the low levels of gypsy divergence when compared to the divergence of host genes from the same species.
Congruently, BARE1 and Fatima have been reported active in several related species, supporting continuous transposition during the divergence of host genomes, whereas Sabrina was reported as quiescent in Ae. speltoides and probably proliferated at a more distant past (Vicient et al. 1999, 2001; Kalendar et al. 2000; Belyayev et al. 2010).
To what extent the incomplete sorting of a particularly diversified ancestral pool of TEs or the continuous diversification of TE families along with the evolutionary divergence of host genomes explains differences in the LTR retrotransposon composition remains poorly known (Jurka et al. 2011).
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Divergent selection appears to have acted on the taxonomic unit of the coral holobiont (i.e., coral host and associated Symbiodinium), leading to adaptive divergence of host-symbiont pairs across reef habitats.
In spite of the discrepancy between divergence time of host and pathogen, Wyand and Brown [ 14] concluded that the center of diversity of B. graminis coincides with the center of origin of their hosts in the Middle East.
It implies that if cospeciation predominates in this algae-virus system, this would support the hypothesis that prasinoviruses evolve more slowly than their microalgal hosts, whereas host switching would imply that these viruses speciated more recently than the divergence of their host genera.
This new model allows us to investigate the effect of unidirectional CI on genetic divergence of the host.
Previous studies in mammalian lineages have revealed positive selection driving rapid divergence of these host defense peptides [ 4, 5].
Thus, sequences with identical RNAseH and U3 regions transposed prior to the divergence of the host species.
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