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The six mitochondrial clades ranged from 2.1%to3.6%.6 % sequence divergence from one another (Table 1).
Our results suggest that single domain GRX proteins of the CGFS and CPYC classes have, each, evolved through duplication and divergence from one initial gene that was present in the last common ancestor of all organisms.
In our recent phylogenetic study [ 14], we confirmed close phylogenetic affinities between some disjunct populations/species, but we also found that several European species and their disjunct North American counterparts showed significant divergence from one another.
If apomixis arises in a diploid individual that is heterozygous (AB) at a locus, then without the action of recombination, "alleles" A and B are independent in their accumulation of mutations and their gene sequences will divergence from one another.
Taken together, our findings reveal that the collinearity between the pdm genes is largely restricted to their POU domain and homeodomain coding sequences, whereas the remaining portions of the pdm genes have undergone significant divergence from one another.
Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that single domain GRX proteins of the CGFS class have evolved through duplication and divergence from one initial gene that was present in the last common ancestor (LCA) of all organisms.
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This adheres to the observation that these fringe neuropeptides represent independent divergences from one or more ancestral sequences within the core [ 2].
In Scenario 2, the children's sequences show substantial divergence and so probably began diverging from one another before the medics' arrival.
In Scenario 1, the children's sequences show little divergence and so probably began diverging from one another after the medics' arrival.
Both clades show low differentiation (maximum haplotype divergence being under 1% in SAF and under 3% in NAF) over a broad geographical range (see Figure 2), but are highly divergent from one another (mean divergence 6.6%), with haplotypes differing by 7% separated by less than 200 km.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com