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First, a spectral filter is applied to the vorticity and divergence fields to damp oscillations in high-gradient regions and to restore spectral accuracy away from them.
The Z-grid model, however, had a disadvantage in that the model needed to diagnose the velocity fields from the vorticity and divergence fields by solving two Poisson equations in each time step.
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Though the reconstructed divergence field may be discontinuous from cell to cell, the norm of the differences between the vertex values of the reconstructed divergence for neighboring cells is minimized.
The new strategy is to construct artificial diffusion terms in a physically-consistent manner, such that the artificial terms act as a diffusion term only in the curl of magnetic field to capture numerical discontinuities in the magnetic field while not affecting the divergence field (thus maintaining divergence-free constraint).
which holds for any divergence free fields.
Divergence far-field angle below 1° (0.65° × 0.31°) for QCLs is first realized.
The presented interpolation schemes ensure that curl-free and divergence-free fields remain so after regridding.
At room temperature, the laser emits total optical power as high as 10 W with a very small divergence far-field angle below 1° in two directions.
The theory and methods apply to other divergence-free fields of physical interest as well, such as that in electro-magnetic dynamics.
At low injection current of 33.0 A (Figure 5a), a small divergence far-field was obtained and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the main lobe emission cone is θx × θy = 0.65° × 0.31°.
Optionally, FALL3D can be coupled with the output of the meteorological processor CALMET, a diagnostic model which generates 3-D time-dependent zero-divergence wind fields from mesoscale forecasts incorporating local terrain effects.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com