Moreover, due to the age-dependence of the rate functions, correlations between the ages of cells in the population develop and divergence from the expected number density (and expected total number of cells) occurs.
Hence, the higher the divergence between observed and expected (approximated) tetranucleotide frequencies the more information potential in the DNA sequence, and vice versa.
As the divergence time between species increases, the expected ratio of fixed differences to segregating sites in a sample also increases.
In absence of adaptation, the ratio of functional to neutral divergence between species is expected to be equal to the corresponding ratio of polymorphism within a species.
In the marine realm, genetic divergence between populations is expected to evolve relatively slowly as recruits and propagules are readily transported by ocean currents [ 14].
Yet another improvement could consist of reducing the expected divergence between tiled sequences and the sequence of pathogens to be detected.
Even using the fastest known rate of substitution for grasses (7.0×10−9 substitutions per synonymous site per year) [28] to test this hypothesis, the expected divergence between maize and rice in the entire gene region is 67%.
The expected divergence between homologous sequences is determined by the time since common ancestry and the rate at which differences have been accumulating (Sanderson et al. 2004).
The total rate of evolution yields r = ∑ i π i ∑ j ≠ i μ ij, and the expected divergence between two neutrally evolving sequences separated by time t is given by d(t) = ∑ i π i [1− P ii (t, Q)].
