Suggestions(2)
Exact(3)
For a given tissue, the expression distance should measure the expression divergence between two species that had diverged t time units ago, reflecting the underlying regulatory divergence.
Consider now two isolated populations (effective population sizes N1 and N2, respectively) that diverged t d generations before their common sampling time.
Suppose that two closely related species have the same haploid effective population size N e ; they diverged t d i v N e generations ago; the synonymous substitution rate of sites in a coding gene in the two lineages is θ s per site per N e generations (θ r for nonsynonymous substitution rate); and the selection coefficient of nonsynonymous substitution is γ per gene per N e generations.
Similar(57)
P. t. verus branched from the last common chimpanzee ancestor ∼0.46 Ma and P. t. ellioti diverged from P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii ∼0.32 Ma.
Assuming by contradiction that (5.1) fails, namely that there exists a diverging sequence t j ⊂ ℝ+ such that u t ( t j ) 2 2 + ∇ u ( t j ) 2 2 → ∞ as j → ∞. (5.8).
Consider two sequences that have diverged for time t, and let r be the mutation rate per site.
Neither KIR3DL2*007 nor KIR3DL3*0602 alleles were present in the African American or Han Chinese KIR2DL1/2DS1 carriers, suggesting that these deletion haplotypes have diverged from the t haplotype by recombination.
Partial mtDNA control region and cytochrome b gene (CYTB) sequences from Central and Northern European aurochsen samples belong predominantly to a distinct haplogroup (designated 'P'), which diverged from macro-haplogroup T prior to domestication, though substantially later than the branching leading to macro-haplogroup I [8], [12], [13], [14].
However, it is problematic to use conventional mutation rate estimates to calculate when the j and t haplotypes diverged from a single common ancestor because a significant proportion of a KIR haplotype is coding sequence and much of the non-coding DNA may be functional.
Despite the marginal significance of this interaction, post hoc independent samples t-tests could determine that while group error rates did not clearly differ on short CTI PRBs (t(42) = 1.7; p =.10), they diverged on long CTI trials (t(42) = 3.5; p =.001; corrected).
The results of the IMa analysis show that the P. t. ellioti populations and P. t. troglodytes diverged from one another 200 250 kya, and have experience moderately high (2Nm ~ 1) gene flow since (Table 3).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com